This guide will be based upon the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. It provides selected citation examples for common forms of sources. For more detailed information please consult a print copy of this style manual.

For the printing results that are best because of this guide, use the printer-friendly PDF format.

Review the Sample paper through the APA, with examples of many APA rules.

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Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (e.g., 4, not IV) in the upper corner that is right-handRule 8.03, p. 230).

You need to cite and document any sources if you presented the ideas from these sources in your own words that you have consulted, even. You will need to cite:

• to recognize other individuals’s ideas and information used in your essay.
• to tell the reader of your paper where they ought to look if they desire to find the sources that are same.

A citation must come in two places in your essay:

• in the body of one’s text (“in-text citations”).
• In the reference list (at the final end of one’s paper).

To introduce other folks’s ideas in text, utilize the examples that are following

Richardson argues, relates to, explains, hypothesizes, compares, concludes; As Littlewood and Sherwin demonstrated, proved, . etc.

Spelling: Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary print or online may be the spelling that is standard for APA journals and books (Rule 4.12, p. 96).

Reference in text

Capitalize all words that are major titles of books and articles in the body of this paper (Rule 4.15, p.101). E.g.

Inside the book Greek Political Thought (2006), Balot argues that. The criticism of the article, “The Politics of Paraliterary Criticism”.

NOTE: In reference lists, however, capitalize just the word that is first of title as well as the subtitle (after a colon or em dash) and proper nouns.

When quoting from print sources or online articles, give the author, year, and page number in parentheses (Rule 6.03, pp.170-171). As an example:

Mooney (2000) unearthed that . “direct_quotation” (p. 276). “Direct_quotation”. (Walker, 2000, p. 135).

If the quotation is finished 40 words, you must start the quotation on a brand new line, indent the quotation about Ѕ an inch, and omit the quotation marks (Rule 6.03, p. 171).

Prince Edward Island is a slice that is curved of from three to thirty-five miles wide and about one hundred and twenty miles long, lying across the southern rim for the Gulf of St. Lawrence and separated from the mainland of brand new Brunswick and Nova Scotia because of the narrow waters of Northumberland Strait.(Ives, 1999, p. 1)

When paraphrasing from a source, or when talking about an idea contained in another work, you may be encouraged to produce a typical page number (Rule 6.04 p. 171).

When citing the author that is same times in a paragraph, see Citing Paraphrased Work pay someone to write my paper in APA Style from the APA Style Blog.

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers. In this full case, use paragraph numbers preceded by the abbreviation ‘para.’ (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172). As an example:

(Johnson, 2003, para. 5).

If a source contains neither page nor paragraph numbers, cite the heading (shorten the heading if it is long) (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172).

When there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.).

List a couple of functions by different authors who will be cited inside the same parentheses in alphabetical order because of the first authors’ surnames and place semicolons among them (Rule 6.16 p. 177).

Reference list

In APA, the menu of sources during the end of the paper (bibliography) is known as the reference list. All references must be included by the reference list cited when you look at the text of your paper.

The word References should appear towards the top of your reference list, also it must certanly be centred in the page (Rule 2.11, p. 37).

Order of references when you look at the reference list is alphabetical, by the last name regarding the first author (Rule 6.25, p. 181) or, if author just isn’t available – by title.

Alphabetize letter by letter. “Nothing precedes something”. ‘Brown, J. R.’ comes before ‘Browning, A. F.’.

For the author’s first name use only initials: ‘Smith, J.’, not ‘Smith, Jennifer’.

For several works by the same author cite them in your reference list by year of publication with all the earliest first – Smith, A. (1999) . Smith, A. (2002)

Subsequent and second lines of each entry are indented 1/2 inch or 5 spaces. The chosen format should really be consistent for the references.

Double-space between all lines of the work, including references.

When citing books (not periodicals), capitalize only the first word for the title and of the subtitle (in other words. the word that is first a colon or a dash) and proper nouns (Rule 6.29, p. 185).

If more than one city of publication is listed in the book you might be citing, utilize the first one listed.

If you have no date of publication, utilize the abbreviation (n.d.).